Yet because it accounts for only about one percent of all cancer in men, many people have never heard of it. Testicular cancer can occur anytime after age 15. It is less common in middle-aged or older men. White men are four times more likely to develop testicular cancer than black men. The rate in Hispanic men lies between those of blacks and whites. Two groups of men have a greater risk of developing testicular cancer: those whose testicles have not descended into the scrotum and those whose testicles descended after age six. Testicular cancer is three to 17 times more likely to develop in these men. A simple procedure called testicular self-exam (TSE) can increase the chances of finding a tumor early, which is important because early detection and treatment usually produce excellent cure rates.
Men should perform TSE once a month after a warm bath or shower. The heat causes the scrotal skin to relax, making it easier to find anything unusual. TSE is simple and only takes a few minutes Examine each testicle gently with both hands. The index and middle fingers should be placed underneath the testicle while the thumbs are placed on top. Roll the testicle gently between the thumbs and fingers. One testicle may be larger than the other. This is normal. The epididymis is a cord-like structure on the top and back of the testicle that stores and transports the sperm. Do not confuse the epididymis with an abnormal lump. Feel for any abnormal lumps. It may be as small as the size of a pea on the front or the side of the testicle. These lumps are usually painless. If you do find a lump, you should contact your doctor right away. The lump may be due to an infection and a doctor can decide on the proper treatment. If the lump is not an infection it is important to make sure it is not a cancer. Remember, testicular cancer is highly curable, especially when detected and treated early. Testicular cancer almost always occurs in only one testicle, and the other testicle is all that is needed for full sexual function.
In summary, testicular self-exams are important. By checking every month you become familiar with your own anatomy and will better be able to detect any change. You are the person most likely to find a lump should one ever develop.
From Testicular Self-examination by the National Cancer Institute,
Publication No. 93-2636
